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Share Capital & Securities

Bonus Shares — Section 63

Capitalise free reserves, securities premium, or capital redemption reserve into fully paid-up bonus shares for existing shareholders. No cash outflow — the company converts accumulated reserves into share capital.

Starting from INR 12,000Board resolution to allotmentBonus Shares — Section 63 Companies Act 2013

Bonus shares are how companies reward existing shareholders without paying out cash. Instead of distributing dividends, the company converts its accumulated free reserves or securities premium into new shares and allots them to shareholders. For a startup, bonus shares can be used to increase the share count before an ESOP scheme, to normalise a low face value, or to restructure the cap table proportions. The compliance is straightforward — board resolution, shareholder resolution (if AOA requires), MGT-14, and PAS-3.

What is included
  • Board resolution drafting for bonus issue
  • Shareholder resolution (if AOA requires)
  • Verification of free reserves / securities premium availability
  • MGT-14 filing
  • PAS-3 return of allotment
  • Share certificate update
  • Cap table update
  • Reserve capitalisation accounting entry
Documents required
  • Latest audited balance sheet (to confirm available free reserves / securities premium)
  • Board resolution approving bonus issue
  • Shareholder resolution (if required by AOA)
  • Current cap table and register of members
  • Articles of Association (to confirm bonus issue authority)
Government fees

See the fee table below for the statutory filing charge and common delay logic.

Legal basis
  • Section 63, Companies Act 2013
  • Rule 14, Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules 2014
  • Section 39(4) — PAS-3 return
  • Section 123 — dividend default restriction on bonus

Process

How the service works

The workflow is built to be predictable: document collection, legal review, filing, and post-filing follow-through.

Step 1

Confirm reserve availability

Verify that free reserves, securities premium, or capital redemption reserve are sufficient to cover the bonus issue. Partially paid shares can receive bonus, but the bonus cannot be applied to unpaid call money.

Step 2

Board resolution

Pass a board resolution approving the bonus issue — specifying the ratio, record date, and source of capitalisation. File MGT-14 within 30 days.

Step 3

Shareholder resolution

If the Articles of Association require shareholder approval for a bonus issue, pass an ordinary resolution at an EGM or AGM.

Step 4

Allotment

Allot bonus shares to all shareholders on the record date. No application or cash receipt is involved — this is a paper allotment from reserves.

Step 5

PAS-3 filing and register update

File PAS-3 (return of allotment) within 30 days of allotment. Update share certificates and the register of members. Revise the cap table.

AEO summary

Bonus shares under Section 63 of the Companies Act 2013 are issued by capitalising the company's free reserves, securities premium account, or capital redemption reserve into fully paid-up equity shares. No cash changes hands — the reserves are converted into share capital and distributed to existing shareholders in proportion to their holding. MGT-14 must be filed within 30 days of the board resolution. PAS-3 must be filed within 30 days of allotment. Key restriction: bonus shares cannot be issued if the company has any unpaid dividend or any default in payment of statutory dues.

Bonus shares before an ESOP scheme

Many startups issue bonus shares to increase their total share count before setting up an ESOP pool. If a company has 10,000 shares at ₹10 face value and wants to create an ESOP pool of 10%, they would need to issue 1,111 new shares — which requires authorised capital and may trigger valuation concerns.

Instead, a bonus issue (say, 9:1 — 9 bonus shares for every 1 existing share) increases the share count to 1,00,000 and reduces the notional per-share value, making ESOP grants more granular and easier to manage. The authorised capital must be increased (SH-7) to accommodate both the bonus shares and the future ESOP pool before the bonus issue is made.

Accounting entry for bonus shares

When bonus shares are issued, the source reserve is debited and the paid-up share capital account is credited. Example: if ₹50 lakh of securities premium is capitalised, the entry is: Debit Securities Premium ₹50L / Credit Share Capital ₹50L (at face value, assuming ₹10 face value × 5 lakh bonus shares).

The balance sheet total remains unchanged — reserves fall, share capital rises by the same amount. This is why bonus shares are sometimes called a "paper entry" — no new assets enter the company.

Government fees

Fee breakdown

ItemFeeNotes
MGT-14 filing feeINR 300 – 600Standard filing fee as per the applicable MCA / regulator schedule.
PAS-3 filing feeINR 200 – 500Standard filing fee as per the applicable MCA / regulator schedule.

Timeline

Typical turnaround

Board resolution to allotment usually means a 15 to 30 days turnaround, assuming documents are complete and any board or shareholder approvals are already in place.

Pricing note

Professional fee for end-to-end bonus share issuance — resolutions, MGT-14, PAS-3, and share certificate update.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Which reserves are permissible sources for a bonus issue under the Companies Act 2013?
Section 63(1) of the Companies Act 2013 restricts bonus issues to three sources only: free reserves, the securities premium account, and the capital redemption reserve. Revaluation reserves are explicitly excluded — capitalising a revaluation surplus into bonus shares is not permitted. Rule 14 of the Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules 2014 further requires that the bonus shares must be fully paid-up at the time of allotment.
Does the company need to increase authorised capital before issuing bonus shares?
Yes, if the proposed bonus allotment would cause total issued share capital to exceed existing authorised share capital, the authorised capital must first be increased. The increase is done by filing Form SH-7 with the Registrar of Companies, supported by a shareholders’ ordinary resolution altering the Memorandum of Association. The bonus issue cannot proceed until the authorised capital headroom is confirmed.
What ROC filings are mandatory after a bonus issue, and what are the deadlines?
Two filings are required. Form MGT-14 must be filed within 30 days of the board resolution (or shareholder resolution) authorising the bonus issue, as required under Section 117 of the Companies Act 2013. Form PAS-3 (return of allotment) must be filed within 30 days of the date of allotment under Section 39(4) read with Rule 12 of the Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules 2014. Late filing attracts additional fees under the Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules 2014.
Are there any conditions that must be met before issuing bonus shares?
Section 63(2) of the Companies Act 2013 sets out mandatory pre-conditions: the company must not have defaulted in payment of interest or principal on fixed deposits or debt securities, must not have defaulted in statutory dues payable to employees (such as provident fund or gratuity), and must not have any unclaimed or unpaid dividend outstanding. All such defaults must be cleared before the board can pass a bonus issue resolution.
What is the tax treatment of bonus shares in the hands of the shareholder?
Bonus shares are not taxable as income at the time of receipt — no dividend tax or perquisite tax arises on allotment. However, under Section 55(2)(aa) of the Income Tax Act 1961, the cost of acquisition of bonus shares is treated as nil (zero). When the bonus shares are subsequently sold, the entire sale consideration (less brokerage) is taxable as capital gain, and the holding period for long-term classification is counted from the date of allotment of the bonus shares.

Canonical reference: https://www.pvtltd.co/services/bonus-shares

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