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Contractor vs Employee Classifier

Assess misclassification risk: TDS, PF, ESI, and labour law exposure

Applies to: FY 2025-26 (AY 2026-27) · Last reviewed: 2026-08-05 · Sources cited in tool footer
Eight-factor assessment

Control and supervision

Tools and equipment

Right to substitute

Financial risk

Integration into business

Continuity and exclusivity

Benefits and perquisites

Fixed pay structure

How it works

The eight factors cover control, tools, substitution, risk, integration, continuity, benefits, and pay structure. The result is a screening signal, not a legal determination.

FAQs

What does the eight-factor test assess?

Control and supervision; Tools and equipment; Right to substitute; Financial risk; Integration into business; Continuity and exclusivity; Benefits and perquisites; Fixed pay structure

When does PF exposure arise?

Employer with 20 or more employees (including contract workers through contractor as employer) — EPF Act applies Basic + DA ≤ ₹15,000/month — mandatory PF contribution

When does ESI exposure arise?

Employer with 10 or more employees — ESI Act applies (factories: 10; establishments: 10; varies by state and industry notification) Gross wages ≤ ₹21,000/month (₹25,000 for workers with disability)

Which TDS section applies to salary?

Employer deducts TDS at slab rates on salary — no minimum threshold; tax deducted on estimated annual income

What is the main risk?

PF and ESI arrears (employer + employee contribution + damages 5–25% + interest 12% p.a.) for up to 5 years Salary TDS shortfall — company liable for s.201 interest + penalty for non-deduction Disallowance of contractor payment u/s 40(a)(ia) if TDS not deducted on what is actually salary Bonus Act exposure if contractor treated as employee (min 8.33% bonus for eligible employees) Gratuity Act exposure after 5 years of continuous service

Statutory basis

Sections 192, 194C, 194J Income Tax Act 1961; Employee Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952; Employees' State Insurance Act 1948; Shops and Establishments Acts (state-specific)

VERIFY: Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act 1970 — principal employer is jointly liable for wages and PF/ESI if contractor defaults; state-specific CLRA notifications for which establishments require registration

Hub Guide · TDS Compliance

Go deeper — the TDS Compliance hub

The s.192 salary vs s.194C contractor split this classifier tests is exactly where TDS rates get misapplied — and misapplication attracts s.201 interest plus s.234E ₹200/day late fees. The hub maps the 194 series, 24Q/26Q returns, and TRACES corrections.

Open the hub guide