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Audit & Compliance

Depreciation Schedule Builder

Build a dual-basis depreciation schedule for your private limited company — SLM under the Companies Act 2013 Schedule II for your books, and WDV under the Income Tax Act s.32 for your IT return — pro-rated for the year of acquisition with the 180-day half-rate rule.

Thresholds as at June 2026. Verify with MCA portal and legal counsel before acting.Last updated: 5 August 2026.

Schedule II vs IT Act — reference rates

Useful lives under the Companies Act 2013 Schedule II drive your book depreciation; the WDV rates from IT Rule 5 + Appendix I drive your tax depreciation. The two rarely match — that mismatch is what this builder lays out.

Asset ClassSchedule II Useful LifeIT Act WDV RateStatute
Buildings (other than factory)30 years5%Companies Act 2013 Schedule II Part A + IT Rule 5 App I
Factory buildings30 years10%Schedule II + Rule 5
Plant and machinery (general)15 years15%Schedule II + Rule 5
Plant and machinery (continuous process)25 years15%Schedule II
Computers and data processing units3 years40%Schedule II Part C + Rule 5
Furniture and fittings10 years10%Schedule II
Motor vehicles8 years15%Schedule II
Electric fittings10 years10%Schedule II
Intangibles (goodwill, patents, know-how)10 years25%Schedule II Part B + Rule 5
Office equipment5 years15%Schedule II + Rule 5

Your assets

Asset #1

Dual-basis schedule

AssetOpening WDV (IT)AdditionsDepreciation (IT)Closing WDV (IT)Schedule II ChargeDifference (DTL/DTA)
Untitled assetBuildings (other than factory)
Total₹0₹0₹0₹0₹0

Total Schedule II charge (books)

₹0

Total depreciation (IT)

₹0

Net timing difference

₹0IT − Schedule II; nil

Reading the difference column. When tax depreciation (WDV) exceeds the book charge (SLM), the company pays less tax today but will pay more as the WDV runs out — a deferred tax liability (DTL). When the book charge is higher, the reverse — a deferred tax asset (DTA). These are timing differences recognised under Ind AS 12 / AS 22. The exact DTA/DTL amount depends on the tax rate that applies when the difference reverses — consult a CA before booking any deferred tax entry.

How it works

  1. Books — Companies Act 2013 Schedule II. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the asset’s useful life (Part A/C of Schedule II), with the residual value capped at 5% of cost (Schedule II para 4). The annual charge is (cost − residual) ÷ useful life, pro-rated from the date of use in the year of acquisition.
  2. Tax — Income-tax Act s.32. Depreciation is allowed on the written-down value (WDV) method at the rates in Rule 5 + Appendix I of the IT Rules, computed on a block of assets — opening WDV, plus additions, minus sale proceeds credited to the block in the year of sale.
  3. The 180-day half-rate rule. If a new asset is put to use for less than 180 days in the year of acquisition, depreciation is restricted to 50% of the normal rate for that year (proviso to s.32(1)). The builder applies this automatically to assets acquired after mid-October in the selected FY.
  4. Timing differences and deferred tax. Because books use SLM over the useful life and tax uses WDV, the two diverge every year and converge over the asset’s life. The difference column flags whether the divergence points to a DTL or a DTA under Ind AS 12 / AS 22.
  5. Disposals. This builder models a single FY per asset and does not take sale proceeds. Under the block method, sale proceeds are credited to the block; a shortfall gives terminal depreciation and an excess (within limits) a balancing charge under s.32.

Statutory basis

  • Companies Act 2013 Schedule II — useful life is the basis for book depreciation; residual value shall not exceed 5% of cost (para 4).
  • s.32 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (corresponding provision in ITA 2025: s.34) — depreciation on the WDV method.
  • Rule 5 read with Appendix I of the Income-tax Rules, 1962 — depreciation rates by asset class/block.
  • s.32(1)(ii) — additional depreciation of 20% of cost for new plant and machinery used in manufacturing (restricted to 10% if used <180 days, balance claimable next year).
  • Ind AS 12 / AS 22 — deferred tax accounting for timing differences between book and tax depreciation.

Goodwill is not a depreciable asset under the IT Act (it has no WDV block) — only book amortisation is recognised under Schedule II Part B. The difference is a permanent difference, not a timing difference. Consult a CA.

VERIFY: Schedule II useful life can be varied with justification in the Board resolution — if you use a different life, disclose it in the financial statements. IT depreciation rates cannot be varied. Rates shown are for AY 2026-27; verify the current Appendix I rates before filing.

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